Protective Discrimination:

                                                                Protective Discrimination

Role	Name	Affiliation
Principal Investigator	Dr.Gyanendra Kumar sahu	Asst.Professor Utkal University
Content Reviewer	Dr.Gyanendra Kumar sahu	Asst.Professor Utkal University

Description of Module

Items	Description of Module
Subject Name	Law
Paper Name	Law and social transformation in India
Module Name /Title	Protective Discrimination
Module No.	XVII

Protective Discrimination:

Constitutional safeguard:

Educational & Cultural Safeguards

Art. 15(4) - Special provisions for advancement of other backward classes    (which includes STs);

Art. 29 - Protection of Interests of Minorities (which includes STs);

Art. 46 - The State shall promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes, and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation,

Art. 350 - Right to conserve distinct Language, Script or Culture;

Art. 350 - Instruction in Mother Tongue.

Social Safeguard

Art. 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar form of forced labour

Art. 24 - Forbidding Child Labour.

Economic Safeguards

Art.244 - Clause(1) Provisions of Fifth Schedule shall apply to the administration & control of the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura which are covered under Sixth Schedule, under Clause (2) of this Article.

Art. 275 - Grants in-Aid to specified States (STs &SAs) covered under Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution.

Political Safeguards

Art.164 (1) - Provides for Tribal Affairs Ministers  in Bihar, MP and Orissa

Art. 330 - Reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha

Art. 337 - Reservation of seats for STs in State Legislatures

Art. 334 - 10 years period for reservation (Amended several times to extend the period

Art. 243 - Reservation of seats in Panchayats

Art. 371 - Special provisions in respect of NE States and Sikkim

Safeguards under Various laws

The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,1989 and the Rules 1995 framed there under.

Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976 (in respect of Scheduled Tribes);

The Child Labour  (Prohibition and Regulation) Act1986;

States Acts & Regulations concerning alienation & restoration of  land belonging to STs;

Forest Conservation Act 1980;

Panchayatiraj (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996;

Minimum Wages Act 1948.